PRINSIP BINAAN BERANGKA
Kebanyakkan bangunan yang dibina sekarang menggunakan konkrit bertetulang untuk membina tiang, rasuk dan lantainya meninggalkan temboknya diisi dengan bata atau papan kayu. Cara pembinaan seperti ini dinamakan binaan berangka. Pembinaan ini diguanakan kerana ciri-ciri kelebihan konkrit bertetulang dalam rekaanya.
Pembinaan sesebuah bangunan bermula daripada asasnya, diikuti dengan tiang, rasuk, papak lantai dan rangka bumbung. Bahagian-bahagian binaan ini boleh direka melalui teori anjal 9elastic theory ) ataupun teori plastic (plastic theory ) dengan mengambil kira tegasan tegangan dan takanan pada tiap-tiap bahagian binaan tersebut. Tegasan-tegasan ini adalah dihasilkan oleh beban yang ditanggung. Beban ini terdiri daripada beban mati, beban hidup dan beban angina.
1. Beban mati – Terdiri daripada berat tembok, dinding sekat, lantai dan bumbung, termasuk segala binaan kekal dalm bangunan.
2. Beban hidup – Terdiri daripada segala beban selain beban mati. Alat-alat, gerobok, penghuni, dan lalu lintas adalah merupakan beban hidup.
3. Beban angin – Tegasan yang dihasilkan oleh angina kepada bangunan. Beban ini berubah mengikut kelajuan tiupan angin.
Dalam proses mereka binaan berangka, adalah dianggap bahawa segala tegasan tekanan hendaklah ditangumg oleh tetulang dan segala tegasan tekanan pula ditanggung oleh konkrit. Berdasar kepada anggapan ini semua beban termasuk beban mati, beban hidup dan beban angina hendaklah ditanggung oleh rangka yang dibuat dengan kinkrit bertetulang dan diagihkan ke atas asasnya.Boleh dikatakan bahawa semua tembok atau dinding sekat yang didapati di dalam binaan kerangka terdiri daripada tembok tidak tanggung beban.
Dalam pembinaan berangka, saiz tiang, tembok dan rasuk dapat. Pemilihan reka bentuk dapat dipelbagaikan kerana konkrit bertetulang berupaya menaggung tegasan-tegasan tersebut.
5 comments:
The concept of PRINSIP BINAAN BERANGKA, or frame structure principle, is essential in modern architecture and interior planning. It ensures stability, flexibility, and optimized space usage within a building. This principle is especially important for fit out contractors who work within these structural frames to deliver interior solutions that are both safe and aesthetically refined. Understanding the frame structure helps contractors align mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems efficiently without compromising design. Professionals in the industry rely on this principle to ensure quality finishes and effective space utilization in commercial and residential projects, particularly during advanced interior fit-outs.
The conception of" PRINSIP BINAAN BERANGKA" relates to structural fabrics, which can also be seen in effective flat tyre repair processes. Just like a strong frame supports a structure, a solid form frame ensures safe, lasting tyre fixes. Understanding the right structure helps ameliorate form quality and continuity on the road.
Sun enterprises is recognized for delivering professional Overseas Employment services along with reliable student program
solutions. Sunenterprises partners with international employers and educational bodies to provide verified opportunities. The company assists with interviews, applications, and overseas deployment. Sun enterprises aims to empower job seekers and students with secure pathways to international success.
Dr Najam-ul-Haq is a highly respected clinical audiologist and cochlear implant specialist based in Karachi, Pakistan, with extensive international training and expertise in hearing loss diagnosis and rehabilitation. As the founder of Dr Najam’s Hearing Clinic — established in 2002 after his return from Australia with a Master’s in Clinical Audiology — he has pioneered advanced hearing solutions including cochlear implant programs in collaboration with Medel Austria, one of the world’s foremost cochlear implant providers.
Drafting a prenuptial agreement involves more than just listing assets—it requires careful legal wording and an understanding of family law. A skilled Prenuptial lawyer Ontario ensures that the agreement is comprehensive, fair, and enforceable in court. They review financial disclosures, suggest necessary clauses, and make sure both partners understand their rights and obligations. Without proper legal guidance, an agreement can be challenged or invalidated later. By consulting a lawyer, couples can avoid loopholes and create a document that stands the test of time, providing long-term financial clarity and legal protection.
Post a Comment